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Repair of Rotator Cuff Tear

Understanding Shoulder Pain and Restoring Mobility with Expert Treatment

What is a Rotator Cuff Tear?

A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of the tendons that make up the rotator cuff become torn or damaged. This can result in pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder.

Rotator cuff tears can be classified into two main types:

  1. Partial Tear: Only a portion of the tendon is torn, leaving part of it intact.

  2. Full-thickness Tear: The tendon is completely torn, potentially causing it to detach from the bone.

Tears can be acute, often resulting from an injury or trauma, or degenerative, which occur due to the gradual wear and tear on the tendon over time.

The four muscles that make up the rotator cuff are:

  • Supraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis

Causes of Rotator Cuff Tears

Aging and Degeneration:
  • As people age, the tendons naturally weaken, leading to an increased risk of tears. This is the most common cause of rotator cuff tears, especially in individuals over the age of 40.
Repetitive Shoulder Movements:
  • Engaging in activities or occupations that involve overhead motions (like swimming, tennis, or lifting) can increase the risk of rotator cuff tears.
Acute Injury:
  • Trauma from a fall, car accident, or lifting heavy objects can lead to an acute rotator cuff tear.
Weakness or Imbalance:
  • Weak muscles or muscle imbalances in the shoulder may cause additional strain on the rotator cuff, leading to a tear.
Bone Spurs:
  • Over time, bone spurs (bony projections) can develop on the acromion (part of the shoulder blade), leading to rubbing and friction on the rotator cuff tendons, eventually causing a tear.

Treatment Options for a Rotator Cuff Tear

1. Non-Surgical Treatments
  • Rest and Activity Modification: Avoid activities that exacerbate pain
  • Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff muscles and improve shoulder function.
  • Medications: Anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation. Corticosteroid Injections: To reduce inflammation in the shoulder joint and provide temporary pain relief.
2. Surgical Treatment
  • Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A minimally invasive procedure in which small incisions are made, and a camera (arthroscope) is inserted to guide the surgeon in repairing the torn tendon.
  • Open Rotator Cuff Repair: In some cases, open surgery may be required for more complex tears or extensive damage.
  • Tendon Transfer: If the rotator cuff tendon is irreparably damaged, other tendons may be used to restore function to the shoulder.
  • Shoulder Replacement: In cases of extensive shoulder damage, a partial or total shoulder replacement may be considered.
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