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Shoulder Anatomy

Understanding the Structure & Function of Your Shoulder Joint

Introduction to Shoulder Anatomy

The shoulder joint is one of the most complex and flexible joints in the human body, allowing a wide range of movements. It is a ball-and-socket joint where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the glenoid cavity (shoulder socket) of the scapula (shoulder blade).

The shoulder’s mobility makes it highly functional, but also more prone to injuries, dislocations, and wear-and-tear conditions.

Common Shoulder Conditions & Injuries

  • Rotator Cuff Tears
  • Shoulder Dislocation
  • Frozen Shoulder
  • Impingement Syndrome

Key Structures of the Shoulder

Bones of the Shoulder
  • Humerus – The upper arm bone, which forms the ball of the joint.
  • Scapula (Shoulder Blade) – The large triangular bone that supports movement.
  • Clavicle (Collarbone) – Connects the arm to the body, providing stability.
Shoulder Muscles
  • Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS Muscles)
  • Deltoid Muscle – Major muscle responsible for lifting and rotating the arm.
  • Trapezius & Rhomboid Muscles – Provide scapular movement and stability.
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