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Meniscus – Structure, Function, and Common Injuries

Essential for Knee Stability and Shock Absorption

What is the Meniscus?

The meniscus is a crescent-shaped cartilage in the knee joint that acts as a cushion between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone). Each knee has two menisci that help distribute weight, absorb shock, and provide stability during movement.

 

Types of Menisci:

  • Medial Meniscus – Located on the inner side of the knee, more prone to injuries.
  • Lateral Meniscus – Located on the outer side, more flexible and less frequently injured.
Functions of the Meniscus
  • Shock Absorption – Prevents bones from grinding against each other.
  • Joint Stability – Keeps the knee aligned and reduces excessive movement.
  • Weight Distribution – Spreads body weight evenly across the knee joint.
  • Smooth Movement – Reduces friction for fluid knee motion.
Common Meniscus Injuries & Causes
  • Meniscus Tear
  • Degenerative Meniscus Damage
  • Meniscus Cysts
  • Discoid Meniscus
Diagnosis Methods:
  • Physical Examination – Doctors assess knee movement and pain points.
  • MRI Scan – Provides detailed imaging to confirm meniscus tears.
  • X-ray – Rules out fractures or bone-related issues.
Treatment Approaches:
  • Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (RICE) – Reduces swelling and pain.
  • Physical Therapy & Strengthening Exercises – Improves flexibility and muscle support.
  • Medications (NSAIDs) – Helps reduce inflammation and pain.
  • Meniscus Surgery (Meniscectomy or Repair) – Necessary in severe cases.
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