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Fractures of Tibial Spine

Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is a Tibial Spine Fracture?

A tibial spine fracture is a break in the bony ridge (tibial eminence) located on the upper part of the tibia, where the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches. It is most common in children, adolescents, and young athletes due to sports injuries or trauma.

🔹 Common in: Young athletes, skiers, cyclists, and individuals involved in sudden twisting movements.
🔹 Severity: Can range from minor cracks to complete ligament avulsion requiring surgery.

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Hyperextension Injury
  • Direct Trauma
  • Pivoting & Twisting Motions
  • Weak Bone Growth Plates
Symptoms of Tibial Spine Fractures
  • Pain & swelling in the front of the knee
  • Difficulty bending or straightening the knee
  • Inability to bear weight on the leg
  • Feeling of knee instability or looseness
  • Popping or locking sensation in the knee
Diagnosis of Tibial Spine Fractures
  • Physical Examination: Checking knee stability, range of motion, and ACL function.
  • X-rays: Helps visualize the fracture and its severity.
  • MRI Scan: Essential for detecting ligament damage and soft tissue injuries.
  • CT Scan: Provides a detailed view of fracture fragments for surgical planning.

Treatment Options for Tibial Spine Fractures

Non-Surgical Treatment (For Non-Displaced Fractures)
  • Immobilization with a long leg cast or knee brace for 4-6 weeks.
  • Pain management using NSAIDs and ice therapy.
  • Physical therapy after healing to restore knee strength & mobility.
Surgical Treatment (For Displaced or Severe Fractures)
  • Arthroscopic Fixation: Uses screws, sutures, or anchors to fix the bone fragment in place.
  • Open Reduction & Internal Fixation (ORIF): For larger fractures requiring plates & screws.
  • ACL Reconstruction (if required): If the ACL is completely torn along with the fracture.
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