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Background of Knee Fractures

Causes, Types, Symptoms & Treatment

What Are Knee Fractures?

A knee fracture refers to a break in one or more bones that form the knee joint:

  • Patella (kneecap)

  • Distal femur (lower end of the thigh bone)

  • Proximal tibia (upper end of the shin bone)

These fractures occur due to trauma, falls, accidents, or underlying bone conditions like osteoporosis. They can be simple or complex, requiring immobilization, surgery, or rehabilitation based on severity.

Causes & Risk Factors

  • High-Impact Injuries
  • Previous Knee Surgery or Implant
  • Obesity
  • Osteoporosis

Types of Knee Fractures

Patellar Fracture (Kneecap Fracture)
  • A break in the kneecap due to a fall or direct impact.
  • Types: Stable, displaced, comminuted, or open fracture.
  • Symptoms: Swelling, bruising, pain while straightening the knee.
Distal Femur Fracture (Lower Thigh Bone)
  • A fracture in the lower femur, often seen in elderly patients.
  • Causes: High-energy trauma or weak bones (osteoporosis).
  • Symptoms: Pain, swelling, deformity, and difficulty in movement.
Tibial Plateau Fracture (Upper Shin Bone)
  • A fracture in the upper tibia, affecting knee stability.
  • Causes: Accidents, falls from heights, sports injuries.
  • Symptoms: Knee swelling, inability to bear weight, joint instability.
Tibial Spine Fracture (ACL Insertion Site)
  • A break at the attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
  • Common in: Young athletes or sports injuries.
  • Symptoms: Knee pain, limited motion, instability, swelling.
Fractures After Total Knee Replacement
  • Periprosthetic fractures around the knee implant.
  • Causes: Weak bones, trauma, implant loosening.
  • Treatment: Internal fixation or revision surgery.
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