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Gait and the Knee Joint – Understanding Walking Mechanics

What is Gait?

Gait refers to the manner of walking, involving a complex interaction between the muscles, joints, and nervous system to facilitate smooth movement. The knee joint plays a crucial role in shock absorption, stability, and motion during gait.

Role of the Knee in Gait

The knee functions as a hinge joint that allows flexion (bending) and extension (straightening). It also provides stability and energy efficiency during walking by distributing forces evenly across the lower limb.

Phases of the Gait Cycle and the Knee’s Role

Stance Phase (60% of Gait Cycle) – When the Foot is on the Ground
  • Initial Contact (Heel Strike)
  • Loading Response (Flat Foot Contact)
  • Mid-Stance (Single Leg Support)
  • Terminal Stance (Heel Off)
  • Pre-Swing (Toe Off)
Swing Phase (40% of Gait Cycle) – When the Foot is in the Air
  • Initial Swing (Acceleration)
  • Mid-Swing (Leg in the Air)
  • Terminal Swing (Deceleration)
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Function: Provides stability to the inner side of the knee.
  • Common Injuries: MCL injuries occur due to forceful blows to the outer knee, often seen in football or skiing.
  • Treatment: Most MCL injuries heal without surgery, requiring only bracing and physiotherapy.
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
  • Function: Stabilizes the outer part of the knee.
  • Common Injuries: LCL injuries result from excessive stress on the inner knee, causing instability.
  • Treatment: Depending on the severity, treatment ranges from bracing and therapy to surgical repair.
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